Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes are widely employed in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) due to their remarkable mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and hydrophobicity. This study examines the efficacy of PVDF https://prestontfzz690880.activoblog.com/40438355/analysis-of-pvdf-membranes-in-a-membrane-bioreactor-mbr-system